DOI: 10.32702/2306-6814.2020.19-20.127
УДК: 338.45:620.9.
І. І. Дороніна
ІНСТРУМЕНТИ МОБІЛІЗАЦІЇ ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕСУРСІВ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ
Анотація
Під час формування та реалізації державної політики має бути враховано, що серед ризиків світового розвитку перші позиції посідають екологічні загрози, спричинені зміною клімату. До пріоритетів політичних програм країн світу належать: необхідність відновлення природніх екосистем до безпечного рівня; дотримання принципів економічної справедливості та сталого розвитку. Однак реалізація екологічно чистих проєктів вимагає суттєвих інвестицій та державної підтримки. Це обумовлює зростання потенціалу "зелених" галузей, серед яких провідне місце займає відновлювана енергетика. Визначено фінансові інструменти, які сприяють залученню інвестицій у проєкти галузі, та способи державної підтримки, а саме: "зелені" акції, "зелені" облігації, "зелені" кредити, гранти, гарантії, технічна допомога.
Ключові слова: фінансові інструменти; відновлювана енергетика; "зелений камуфляж"; інвестиції; "зелена" економіка; державна підтримка.
Література
1. IRENA (2016), "Unlocking renewable energy investment: the role of risk mitigation and structured finance", available at: https://www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/irena_risk_mitigation_and_structured_finance_2016.pdf (Accessed 7 September 2020).
2. ОЕСD (2020) "Renewable energy. Data", available at: https://data.oecd.org/energy/renewable-energy.htm#indicator-chart
3. IЕА (2020) "Global Energy Review 2020. The impacts of the Covid-19 crisis on global energy demand and CO2 emissions", available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020/renewables#abstract
4. REN21 (2019) "RENEWABLES 2019 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT". Paris: REN21 Secretariat, available at: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/1900916_GSR_2019_Perspectives_Russian.pdf
5. European Environment Agency (2012) "Rio 2012 is an Opportunity to Move towards a Green Economy", available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/rio-2012-is-an-opportunity
6. Frankfurt School-UNEP Centre/BNEF (2020) "Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment", available at: https://www.fs-unep-centre.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/GTR-2020_chartpack.pdf (Accessed 7 September 2020).
7. McCrone A., Moslener U., d'Estais F., Gruning C., Emmerich M. (2020) "Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment", Bloomberg New Energy Finance Frankfurt. London: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, available at: https://www.fs-unep-centre.org/global-trends-in-renewable-energy-investment-2020/
8. Kazlauskiene V., Draksaite A., Melnyk L. (2017) "Green Investment Financing Alternatives". Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", №46, Jelgava, LLU ESAF, 27-28 April 2017, pp. 250—257, available at: http://llufb.llu.lv/conference/economic_science_rural/2017/Latvia_ESRD_46_2017— 250-257.pdf
9. Корнєєва Ю.В. Форми, методи та інструменти мобілізації фінансових ресурсів державними корпораціями: досвід розвинутих країн та уроки для України. Актуальні проблеми міжнародних відносин. Вип. 129. 2016. С.131—146.
10. IRENA (2017), "Renewable Energy Finance Flows", available at: https://www.irena.org/Statistics/View-Data-by-Topic/Finance-and-Investment/Renewable-Energy-Finance-Flows
11. Morris E., Winiecki J., Chowdhary S., Cortiglia K. (2007) Using Microfinance to Expand. Access to Energy Services: Summary of Findings. The SEEP Network, available at: http://www.arcfinance.org/pdfs/pubs/Energy_Summary_FINAL.pdf
12. Маркевич К. "Зелені" інвестиції у сталому розвитку: світовий досвід та Український контекст. Аналітична доповідь. Центр Разумкова. 2019. Київ.
13. ОЕСD (2019) "Institutional Investors' Assets and Liabilities". OECD Stat, available at: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=QASA_7II
14. Climatescope (2019) "Which emerging market is the most attractive for clean energy investment?" Bloomberg NEF, available at: http://global-climatescope.org
I. Doronina
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RESOURCES AS COMPONENTS OF STATE SUPPORT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
Summary
In formulating and implementing public policy, it should be taken into account that among the risks of global development, the first position is occupied by environmental threats caused by climate change. The priorities of the political programs of the world include: the need to restore natural ecosystems to a safe level; adherence to the principles of economic justice and sustainable development. However, the implementation of environmentally friendly projects requires significant investment and government support. This causes the growth of the potential of "green" industries, among which the leading place is occupied by renewable energy.
The measures taken by the governments of the world's leading countries in recent years have demonstrated the importance and priority of tasks towards sustainable development and increasing the resilience of the economy to climate change. The development of renewable energy is one of the components of sustainable development. However, the lack of harmonized tools to ensure such growth, for example in the field of renewable energy, which is an extremely important issue for Ukraine, requires further research and generalization.
The purpose of the article is to identify tools for mobilizing financial resources in the field of renewable energy.
The total cost of investment in renewable energy is growing rapidly. Among the tools for mobilizing financial resources for projects in the field of renewable energy are: equity, debt, guarantees, grants, technical assistance. However, their potential is still quite limited, as they are not part of a single system of instruments that should be formed with state support. The use of each of the tools depends to a greater extent on the specific conditions of the sector or country where the specific project is implemented.
As a result of the research, the tools of mobilization of financial resources for the development of projects in the field of renewable energy are systematized. The functions of each of the instruments and the source of financial resources are clarified.
Keywords: financial instruments; renewable energy; "green camouflage"; investments; "green" economy; state support.
References
1. IRENA (2016), "Unlocking renewable energy investment: the role of risk mitigation and structured finance", available at: https://www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/irena_risk_mitigation_and_structured_finance_2016.pdf (Accessed 7 September 2020).
2. ОЕСD (2020), "Renewable energy. Data", available at: https://data.oecd.org/energy/renewable-energy.htm#indicator-chart (Accessed 17 September 2020).
3. IЕА (2020), "Global Energy Review 2020. The impacts of the Covid-19 crisis on global energy demand and CO2 emissions", available at: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020/renewables#abstract (Accessed 17 September 2020).
4. REN21 (2019), "Renewables 2019 global status report", Paris: REN21 Secretariat, available at: https://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/1900916_GSR_2019_Perspectives_Russian.pdf (Accessed 7 September 2020).
5. European Environment Agency (2012), "Rio 2012 is an Opportunity to Move towards a Green Economy", available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/rio-2012-is-an-opportunity (Accessed 7 September 2020).
6. Frankfurt School-UNEP Centre/BNEF (2020), "Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment", available at: https://www.fs-unep-centre.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/GTR-2020_chartpack.pdf (Accessed 10 September 2020).
7. McCrone, A. Moslener, U. d'Estais, F. Gr?ning, C. and Emmerich, M. (2020), "Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment", Bloomberg New Energy Finance Frankfurt. London: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management, available at: https://www.fs-unep-centre.org/global-trends-in-renewable-energy-investment-2020/ (Accessed 7 September 2020).
8. Kazlauskiene ,V. Draksaite, A. and Melnyk, L. (2017), "Green Investment Financing Alternatives", Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development", №46, Jelgava, LLU ESAF, 27-28 April 2017, pp.250-257, available at: http://llufb.llu.lv/conference/economic_science_rural/2017/Latvia_ESRD_46_2017- 250-257.pdf. (Accessed 17 September 2020).
9. Kornieieva, Yu.V. (2016), "Formy, metody ta instrumenty mobilizatsii finansovykh resursiv derzhavnymy korporatsiiamy: dosvid rozvynutykh krain ta uroky dlia Ukrainy", Aktual'ni problemy mizhnarodnykh vidnosyn, vol.129, pp.131—146.
10. IRENA (2017), "Renewable Energy Finance Flows", available at: https://www.irena.org/Statistics/View-Data-by-Topic/Finance-and-Investment/Renewable-Energy-Finance-Flows (Accessed 7 September 2020).
11. Morris, E. Winiecki, J. Chowdhary, S. and Cortiglia, K. (2007), "Using Microfinance to Expand. Access to Energy Services: Summary of Findings", The SEEP Network, available at: http://www.arcfinance.org/pdfs/pubs/Energy_Summary_FINAL.pdf (Accessed 7 September 2020).
13. Markevych, K. (2019), "Zeleni" investytsii u stalomu rozvytku: svitovyj dosvid ta Ukrains'kyj kontekst ["Green" investments in sustainable development: world experience and the Ukrainian context], Tsentr Razumkova, Kyiv, Ukraine.
14. ОЕСD (2019), "Institutional Investors' Assets and Liabilities", OECD Stat, available at: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=QASA_7II (Accessed 17 September 2020).
15. Climatescope (2019), "Which emerging market is the most attractive for clean energy investment?", Bloomberg NEF, available at: http://global-climatescope.org (Accessed 7 September 2020).
№ 19-20 2020, стор. 127 - 133
Рубрика: Державне управління
Дата публікації: 2020-11-05
Кількість переглядів: 721